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 Columbus, Guadeloupe, Caribs and Barbecue

By JOE O'CONNELL, cbbqa past president

Some claim that, when Columbus first arrived on the Island of Guadeloupe, he observed Carib Native Americans with human body parts "being smoked on a barbecue"

Importance of the claim

The claim can be divided into two sections.  First, the claim means that, before Columbus, Native Americans cooked meat (in this case, human flesh) with the smoke and heat of wood coals.  This is the barbecue cooking method.  Second, the claim means that Columbus used the word barbecue in his journal.

If these two claims could be verified, then they would tie together the two threads of the barbecue method and barbecue word and establish that they were indigenous to Native Americans before the arrival of Columbus.

Accordingly, this would anchor with claim with unassailable primary sources that the American Barbecue Conjecture is correct as to these elements.   

Hale's statement of the claim

In The Great American Barbecue & Grilling Manual, C. Clark "Smoky" Hale tells the story of Columbus, Guadeloupe, Carib Native Americans and barbecue.  Smoky writes:

One of the earliest recorded European's use of the word "barbecue" comes from the journal of Columbus' third voyage back to Spain in 1496.  He stopped to re-provision at the island of Guadeloupe, which was occupied by the Caribe Indians, deadly of the Taino, and cannibals to boot.

In Conquest of Eden, citing prior sources, Rinaldo Caddo and Charles Verlander, author Michael Palewonsky, writes, "He reports that a human arm was seen being smoked on a barbecue."  Id at p. 10.

This description contains the two claims with (apparently with) authoritative citations.  Unfortunately, we know that the description cannot be accurate:

  • Columbus did not visit Guadeloupe on his third voyage;
  • Columbus's third voyage was not in 1496.

Both these errors may be explained if the "third voyage" was actually the second.

Pineapple Realty claim

The Pineapple Realty website makes a similar claim:

The first encounter between a European and a pineapple occurred in November, 1493, when Christopher Columbus, on his second voyage to the Caribbean region, lowered anchor in a cove off the lush, volcanic island of Guadaloupe and went ashore to inspect a deserted Carib village.  There, amidst parrot-flecked jungle foliage and wooden pillars spiraled with serpent carvings, his crew came upon cook pots filled with human body parts.  Nearby were piles of freshly gathered vegetables and fruits, including pineapples.  The European sailors ate, enjoyed and recorded the curious new fruit which had an abrasive, segmented exterior like a pine cone and a firm interior pulp like an apple.  (Emphasis added.) 

This statement of the claim varies significantly from that of Smoky Hale:

  • There is no claim for use of the word barbecue
  • The method involved cook pots -- which implies that the cooking method was boiling and not barbecue

This claim, however, seems doubtful, since the Native Americans were not known to have "cook pots".

Pineapple Girl claim

Interestingly, the identical language from the Pineapple Realty website is used on the Pineapple Girl website, except that the website credits the text to Hoag Levins (without further identification).

Further research requirements

Research has not been completed.  To continue research in this area, search "Columbus Guadeloupe" and other terms.

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Background Essays

 John Cabot
Carib Indians
Food Exchanges
Survey
Taino Indians


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